Discrete-time contraction constrained nonlinear model predictive control using graph-based geodesic computation

Modern chemical processes need to operate around time-varying operating conditions to optimize plant economy, in response to dynamic supply chains (e.g., time-varying specifications of product and energy costs). As such, the process control system needs to handle a wide range of operating conditions whilst optimizing system performance and ensuring stability during transitions. This article presents a reference-flexible nonlinear model predictive control approach using contraction based constraints. Firstly, a contraction condition that ensures convergence to any feasible state trajectories or setpoints is constructed. This condition is then imposed as a constraint on the optimization problem for model predictive control with a general (typically economic) cost function, utilizing Riemannian weighted graphs and shortest path techniques. The result is a reference flexible and fast optimal controller that can trade-off between the rate of target trajectory convergence and economic benefit (away from the desired process objective). The proposed approach is illustrated by a simulation study on a CSTR control problem.     

概率修整在卷材生产线调整中的应用

通过一个案例,介绍了利用概率修整的方法来判断卷材生产线调整正确与否,从而为采取相应的措施提供依据。     

基于IFC标准的施工信息模型至图数据库的自动映射机制及其应用

工业基础类(industry foundation classes, IFC)文件是建筑信息模型的数据存储和交互的标准通用文件,其难以直接被用于数据分析和数据挖掘。图数据在描述数据间复杂关联关系时具有天然的优势,被大量应用于对关联关系的分析和挖掘中。建立从IFC文件到图数据库的自动映射机制,将IFC文件中的实体及其关联关系一一映射至图数据库的节点和关系中,并分析该自动映射机制的完备性和基于图数据库的信息管理效率。映射得到的基于图数据库的施工信息模型被应用于施工离散事件仿真、施工进度网络分析和施工延迟分析中。分析结果表明,提出的自动映射机制能够完整地传递基于IFC标准的信息,映射效率满足施工过程中信息高效交互的需求,且基于图数据的信息管理效率也高于直接操作IFC文件的效率。在此基础上,通过具体工程中施工进度信息的关系利用和挖掘体现所提数据映射机制的优越性,结果表明所提数据映射机制提高了预制装配式建筑施工管理效率。     

Fast accessing Web3D contents using lightweight progressive meshes

Accessing Web3D contents is relatively slow through Internet under limited bandwidth. Preprocessing of 3D models can certainly alleviate the problem, such as 3D compression and progressive meshes (PM). But none of them considers the similarity between components of a 3D model, so that we could take advantage of this to further improve the efficiency. This paper proposes a similarity‐aware data reduction method together with PM, called lightweight progressive meshes (LPM). LPM aims to excavate similar components in a 3D model, generates PM representation of each component left after removing redundant components, and organizes all the processed data using a structure called lightweight scene graph. The proposed LPM possesses four significant advantages. First, it can minimize the file size of 3D model dramatically without almost any precision loss. Because of this, minimal data is delivered. Second, PM enables the delivery to be progressive, so called streaming. Third, when rendering at client side, due to lightweight scene graph, decompression is not necessary and instanced rendering is fully exerted. Fourth, it is extremely efficient and effective under very limited bandwidth, especially when delivering large 3D scenes. Performance on real data justifies the effectiveness of our LPM, which improves the state‐of‐the‐art in accessing Web3D contents. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

含光伏和蓄能的冷热电联供系统调峰调蓄优化调度

冷热电联供(CCHP)系统的能源优化调度,可以有效提高终端用户的能源利用效率,缓解区域电网能源供需矛盾,促进分布式可再生能源的就地消纳,最大程度地实现区域电网的削峰填谷。建立了含光伏和蓄能的CCHP系统调峰调蓄优化调度数学模型,以最小化经济成本和电网供电方差为目标,引入权重系数,将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题。针对光伏机组出力和负荷预测误差的随机性和不确定性,采用概率约束的形式表征其能量平衡方程。以天津中新生态城能源站CCHP系统为例进行算例分析,验证了所提模型的有效性和实用性。     

考虑等级事故概率约束的输电网利用效率评估方法

随着用电量增速降低,如何在不违反安全性约束的前提下提高输电网的利用效率成为电网规划和运行的重要关注点。为此基于国务院599号令提出了考虑等级事故概率约束的输电网利用效率评估方法。该方法利用连锁故障模型计算等级事故概率,较好地考虑了实际电网的特点,可用于指导电网运行与规划,同时避免了来自不同特性电网的实际统计数据难以直接用于横向对比的不足。通过选取湖北省某地区电网作为算例,验证了所述输电网利用效率评估方法的有效性,并讨论了影响输电网利用效率提升的因素。     

居民负荷需求响应参与度的物理影响因素分析

需求响应(Demand Response,DR)参与度是评价用户群体响应参与积极性与需求响应策略合理性的重要指标,也是电力相关部门更新DR策略的参考依据。在研究居民负荷响应模型的基础上,建立以居民负荷DR参与度最大为目标的需求响应概率优化模型;当需求响应范围足够大时,将所提概率优化模型等效为一系列混合整数规划问题,极大地降低了问题的求解难度,保证了最优解的全局唯一性;量化物理影响因素对DR参与度的作用,分析影响趋势及程度,结果表明:(1)能精准求解需求响应概率优化模型,获得DR参与度;(2)不同物理影响因素对DR参与度的作用趋势及程度各异,制定政策时需酌情考虑并调节分析。     

综合模块化航空电子多约束分区调度方法

在综合模块化航空电子系统(integrated modular avionics, IMA)中,采用严格的空间和时间分区管理(partitioning)保证同一个模块上运行的不同应用可以共享处理资源.根据系统硬件资源和应用的要求,定义分区的多类型约束条件,使得分区到在各个模块上的分配和时分访问调度成为复杂的组合优化问题.通过将分区分配的预处理与满足性模理论(satisfiability modulo theories,SMT)求解调度表的方法相互结合,可以减少断言式和分区调度时刻变量的数量,提高求解效率;其中,预处理过程采用最大独立团算法,随后将剩余的分区约束条件转换成SMT工具可识别的逻辑表达式,形式化求解得到各个分区的调度时刻.通过规模不同的算例,验证了该方法可行性,并说明预处理过程对于快速判断满足性要求和缩短求解时间的好处.     

网络协同雷达对Swerling型目标的检测研究

在介绍Swerling目标模型的基础上,研究了网络协同雷达对Swerling起伏目标的检测性能。分析了单站雷达对Swerling起伏目标的检测性能,进而推广到网络协同雷达对Swerling起伏目标的检测,并给出了网络协同雷达对单个多起伏特性目标的检测性能的仿真结果,为研究目标起伏与网络协同雷达系统设计提供了理论依据。